托福阅读资料：牛津词典2017年度词汇，青年冲击

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"Youthquake", "antifa" and "broflake" might have yet to make it into daily vocabulary.

“青年冲击”、“反法西斯行动”(极左翼组织)和“玻璃心男”也许尚未成为日常词汇。

But according to the Oxford Dictionaries, they are the words which will define the year 2017.

但是牛津词典指出，这几个词是最能代表2017年的词汇。

It has announced "youthquake", referring to the rallying of young people by Jeremy Corbyn's Labour Party during the 2017 General Election, as its word of the year.

日前牛津词典宣布“青年冲击”被评为年度词汇。“青年冲击”指的是2017英国大选期间杰里米•科尔宾领导的工党拉拢年轻人的行为。

The word saw a 400 percent increase in usage between 2016 and 2017, and "highlights the increased awareness of young people’s capacity to influence, and even drive, political change," it said.

牛津词典称，该词在2016年至2017年间的使用率增加了400%，而且“凸显出人们更多地意识到年轻人影响甚至驱动政治变化的能力”。

Many of the words chosen for the list refer to political turbulence and social change.

大多数入选词汇都与政治动荡和社会变化有关。

"Antifa", meaning groups united by militant opposition to fascism made the list, as did "broflake", a man upset by progressive attitudes which conflict with his more conservative views.

具有代表性的词汇还有“反法西斯行动”和“玻璃心男”，前者指的是反法西斯的激进组织，后者指的是比较保守、无法接受先进思想的男性。

Another, "Milkshake Duck", is something which "initially inspires delight on social media but is soon revealed to have a distasteful or repugnant past".

另一个代表性词汇“奶昔鸭”指的是某人或某物“最初在社交媒体上讨人喜欢但很快被发现有不堪或令人厌恶的过往”。

"Kompromat", a Russian word originally based on the English phrase "compromising material", means material used to blackmail or manipulate someone for political purposes.

“污点材料”这个俄罗斯词语源于英文短语compromising material，意思是出于政治目的用于敲诈或操控某人的材料。

Others were more light-hearted. "Gorpcore", meaning the trend for wearing functional, outdoorsy clothing, also made the list, alongside "unicorn", referring to the trend for dousing anything from lattes to bagels in rainbow colours and glitter.

其他一些代表词就轻松一些。“户外运动风”指的是穿着功能性户外服装的潮流，“独角兽风”指的是把所有东西，从拿铁咖啡到百吉面包圈，都装饰得五颜六色亮晶晶。

Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Dictionaries, said youthquake had taken the top spot because it was a "rare political word that sounds a hopeful note”.

牛津词典总裁卡斯帕•格拉斯沃说，‘青年冲击’居首是因为这是“罕见的一个让人燃起希望的政治词汇”。

"Sometimes you pick a word as the Word of the Year because you recognize that it has arrived, but other times you pick one that is knocking at the door and you want to help usher in," he said.

他说：“有时候你将某个词选为年度词汇是因为你意识到它已经到来，但有些时候你选择某个词汇则是因为它虽然尚在门口，但你想把它迎进来。”

Corbyn engaged with the UK's foremost grime artists and spoke about topics such as housing and social justice in an attempt to woo younger voters - previously disengaged in politics - into voting for him.

英国工党领袖科尔宾和英国一流的伦敦地下音乐人交谈，讨论有关住房和社会公平等话题，试图赢得那些先前不参与政治的年轻人的选票。

The strategy worked, with youth turnout jumping from 43 percent in the 2015 election to 64 percent.

这个策略奏效了，年轻人的投票率从2015年的43%增加到了64%。

This demographic overwhelming backed Corbyn, leading to seat gains such as Canterbury - a town with a large student group, but which had a 185-year period of always electing Conservative-allied MPs.

这部分人群一边倒地支持科尔宾，最终助他赢得了坎特伯雷等选区的席位。拥有庞大学生群体的坎特伯雷在过去长达185年的时间里选举出的一直都是保守党一方的议员。

This increased engagement of younger voters meant that overall turnout was boosted.

年轻人的投票增多意味着总体投票率上升了。

The 20-point increase in turnout among 18-24 year olds helped increase turnout to 69.1 percent.

18岁到24岁人群投票率增加了20个百分点，从而让总体投票率增加到了69.1%。

　　一起来回顾牛津英语词典过去十三年选出的年度词汇：

2004 Chav 低下阶层爱穿名牌服饰的年轻人

2005 Sudoku 数独游戏

2006 Bovvered 在意

2007 Carbon Footprint 碳足迹

2008 Credit Crunch 信贷崩塌

2009 Simples 非常容易完成的事情

2010 Big Society 大社会

2011 Squeezed Middle 受挤压的中产阶级

2012 Omnishambles 一团糟

2013 Selfie 自拍

2014 Vape 电子水烟

2015 *Tears Of Laughter Emoji* “笑cry”表情

2016 Post-Truth 后真相