雅思写作中的因果关系如何表达

　　雅思写作在雅思考试中有着至关重要的地位，雅思大作文一般会有很多种表达关系，那么因果关系就是其中之一，那么雅思写作中的因果关系如何表达，我们下面就来了解一下!

　　一、So系列(表结果)：

　　1. thus/ therefore / thereby / hence

　　thus：表示‘in this/that way’

　　As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.

　　therefore：表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’

　　Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.

　　thereby: by that means, as a result of that

　　In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, thereby increasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.

　　hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’

　　Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment. Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.

　　2. As a result / As a consequence

　　As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.

　　As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.

　　3. consequently / accordingly

　　Consequently更偏重因果逻辑;accordingly更偏重后续解决

　　Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.

　　Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.

　　二、双名词从句式

　　Another reason why people from the countryside transfer to the cityis because of the modern conveniencesthat city living brings.

　　解析：适用于引入原因(带题目关键词)

　　句型框架：主语从句+ is because of the 原因 +宾语从句(包括主从，宾从两个名词性从句)

　　例句中，people from the countryside transfer to the city 是对题目关键信息的复述，句型中“原因”部分使用一个名词或名词词组。

　　Exercise:causes of congestion in megacities

　　三、“原因+细化方面解释” 式

　　Effluentsare another by-product of industries which poses threat to the environment; leather and tanning industries, petroleum industriesand chemical manufacturing industries create major waste productswhich are released directly into nearby streams without treatment, creating river pollution and causing harm to aquatic life.

　　解析：适用于说明一个原因(论点)后紧接着把这个原因的几个方面具体化论述。

　　句型框架：原因is another by-product of … which poses threat to 主题词; 具体方面1，具体方面2and 具体方面3create… which are V+ed ….without…, V+ing …..to …

　　例句中，which are…的部分是定语从句，Ving…to…是非谓语用法。

　　Exercise:cyber crime

　　四、Cause系列(表结果)：

　　1. cause(v.) 引起

　　The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases which causes sanitary landfills to fill up faster.

　　2. lead to / result in导致

　　注意这里是result in, 后跟结果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。

　　The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.

　　3. bring about: to cause to take place 引起，带来(注意使用时更倾向于“带来“这个意思)

　　The internet technologies that have brought about so much social change were scarcely imaginable just decades before they appeared.

　　4. spark off 引发、引爆 ，具体指引发比较严重的后果、冲突等(=trigger / activate)，或指”点燃“(=inspire)

　　Spark off a series of problems / a chain of events related to…

　　They can spark off each other's talents

　　五、“双非谓语” 结构

　　Air pollution resulting from the factory and vehicle emission poses serious health concerns, considering the irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as increased risk of heart attack.

　　解析：把问题的原因和具体结果都用非谓语形式体现，主语只说关键词造成问题(概括性的名词)，即air pollutionposes serious health concerns.

　　句型框架：关键词 resulting from… and … poses serious …concerns, considering … as well as…

　　例句中，描述air pollution 的形成原因部分resulting from和造成的健康问题具体包括什么considering都使用的是非谓语形式。

　　Exercise: cause and effect of social networking

　　六、affect系列(影响到)

　　1. Affect / influence

　　More likely than not, getting a vehicle from point "A" to point "B" involves combustion of a fossil fuel, a process that emits gasses and affects the environment and the ozone layer.

　　People's behavior is influenced by circumstances and events, friends and family, education, job prospects, income, housing and environment.

　　2. impact on 对…产生影响 (impact 一般做名词使用，也可以作为动词)

　　Over the last few decades, there has been a tremendous growth in information technology, which can impact on our everyday life.

　　3. give rise to 使发生

　　The decrease inthe number of bicycles and cars might give rise to anothernew set of problems.

　　以上就是雅思写作中的因果关系表达的几种形式，希望能够给考生一些帮助，以后在雅思写作训练中，不单只会用一个Because来表示因果了。