正确的GRE阅读答案打开方式

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　　1，同义替换

　　【真题原文】

　　Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

　　【题目】It can be inferred from the passage that a reader of the Iliad is likely to have trouble identifying with the poem’s hero for which of the following reasons?

　　【正确选项】The hero’s emotions often do not seem appealing to the reader.

　　例题分析：

　　该题根据identifying with the poem’s hero，可以知道定位到这里：whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

　　因此，我们看到，正确的选项和原文为同义替换：emotions=motivations;appealing=likable.

　　需要注意的是，emotions与motivations为广义上的替换，这个和大家所熟悉的同义词不一样。这也是需要提醒广大考生的一点：GRE考试与我们以为熟悉的英语考法有很多不一样的地方。

　　2，反义替换

　　【真题原文】

　　Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.

　　【题目】The author suggests that the variety of incidents in the Odyssey is likely to deter the reader from

　　【正确选项】 concentrating on the psychological states of the poem’s central character

　　例题分析：

　　该题挺有意思的。根据题目当中的variety of incidents可以知道，题目和原文的various incidents对应(词性的替换)，因此答案就在该句。

　　细读该句，我们不难发现，由分号后面的however一词可以判断，该句分号前后为反义逻辑关系。因此可以知道分号前后其实也是平行结构，也就是一一对应。

　　例如：

　　“life-as-spectacle” 与“life-as-experience”对应;

　　observe与identify with对应;

　　without与mind对应(相反)。

　　Odysseus与Achilles对应。

　　回到题目，我们不难发现，题目当中有一个短语搭配尤为重要，那就是deter...from doing something，该搭配相当于prevent...from doing something，也就是不让...干嘛。而题目原文当中是没有这个否定的表达的。

　　原文为：对读者而言，由于被它的不同的情节所分散注意力，读者会从Odysseus外部的世界(without)来理解它的主人公Odysseus。

　　题目是：作者表明，在Odyssey不同的情节可能会不让读者....?

　　答案自然是对without一词进行取反，也就是不让读者从内心世界来理解Odysseus。

　　根据以上讨论的题目，我们可以得出大致的规律是：如果题目与原文相反，那么答案也必须和原文相反。如果题目和原文只是同义替换，那么答案往往也是同义替换。

　　3，词性替换

　　【真题原文】

　　That view was challenged in the 1960s, when studies of Moon craters revealed that these craters were caused by the impact of objects that were in great abundance about 4.5 billion years ago but whose number appeared to have quickly decreased shortly thereafter. This observation rejuvenated Otto Schmidt’s 1944 theory of accretion.

　　【题目】Which of the following best describes the “observation” referred to in the passage?

　　【正确选项】The number of objects colliding with the Moon appears to have been high for a while and then rapidly diminished.

　　例题分析：

　　正确选项里的rapidly替换了原文里的quickly。当然，除了词性替换外，本例题还包括了同义替换，例如：impact=colliding ; high=abundance; diminished=decreased.这个也告诉我们，一道题目的正确选项的生成，往往是糅杂了各种替换。

　　4，抽象与具体

　　【真题原文】

　　Despite hypotheses ranging from armed conflict to climate change, the abandonment of more than 600 Pueblo cliff dwelling in Mesa Verde by A.D. 1300 still puzzles archaeologists. Researchers analyzing refuse from one Pueblo community found remains of maize—a Pueblo crop—in 44 percent of samples from years when the community flourished, but in only 10 percent of samples from years near the time of depopulation, while the remains of wild plants increased significantly.

　　【题目】 According to the passage, which of the following is likely true regarding the consumption of wild plants in the Pueblo community investigated by researchers?

　　【正确选项】 It increased as domesticated sources of food declined.

　　例题分析：

　　正确选项里的domesticated sources of food和原文的maize—a Pueblo crop为抽象与具体的替换。这个好比原文出现了苹果，答案为水果，在GRE考试中，无论是在填空，还是在阅读当中，抽象与具体的替换几乎无所不在，希望考生对这些替换，熟记于心。

　　当然，此题除了上述的替换之外，正确选项里的it 替换了原文里的wild plants，此为指代替换。

　　正确选项里的declined一词，实际上替换了原文里的44 percent of samples from years when the community flourished, but in only 10 percent of samples from years near the time of depopulation。

　　也就是当这个community 繁荣的时候，玉米的残留为44%，而在depopulation的时候，只有10%，也就是下降了(declined)。此为文字替换了文字表达。

　　5，出动与被动

　　【真题原文】

　　Open acknowledgement of the existence of women's oppression was too radical for the United States in the fifties, and Beauvoir's conclusion, that change in women's economic condition, though insufficient by itself, "remains the basic factor" in improving women's situation, was particularly unacceptable.

　　【题目】According to the passage, Beauvoir's book asserted that the status of women

　　【正确选项】is inherently tied to their economic condition

　　例题分析：：

　　首先，题目里的the status of women和原文里的women’s situation为同义替换。事实上，situation的释义除了有“情况”外，在阅读里，经常考的释义为“position in life : status”(from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary)。

　　其次，正确选项里的is inherently tied to 和原文里的 remains the basic factor替换，此为被动表达与主动表达之间的替换。

　　最后，正确选项里的their economic condition与原文的women's economic condition进行替换，此处带有指代替换，their=women’s 。

　　小结

　　GRE阅读正确的选项一定都是需要经过替换而来的。这些替换包括：

　　1，同义替换。

　　2，反义替换。

　　3，词性替换。

　　4，抽象与具体替换。

　　5，主动与被动替换。