导读：一、正确使用指代词使用的指代词包括人称代词，物主代词和一些特定的词语。★使用人称代词或物主代词代替文章中重复出现的词剑桥4test4task2范文中的句子：ButIthinkthesolutiontotheproblemlieswiththefamilies,whoneedtobemoreawareofthefutureconsequencesofspoilingtheirchildren.Iftheycouldraisethemtobeconsiderateofothersandtobesocial,responsiblein
一、正确使用指代词
使用的指代词包括人称代词，物主代词和一些特定的词语。
★ 使用人称代词或物主代词代替文章中重复出现的词
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.
★ 使用特定的词语来指代某一类事物
这些词包括one, that, those, so, this, not和do的各种形式。同时，被替代的可以是名词、动词，也可以是句子。
①替代名词(用one, that, those来替代某个名词)
剑桥7 test B task2范文中的句子：
I agree with the view that stars in the entertainment business are usually over paid. However, it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salary.
②替代动词(用do的各种形式来代替前面提到的动词)
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.
③替代句子(用so, this, 或者not来替代一个句子)
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.
二、正确使用意思相关联的词
使用同义词，反义词等意义相互关联的词可以提醒读者一些相关的概念，而通过这些概念的反复出现达到与重复相类似的效果。
★ 同义词
剑桥5 test B task2范文中的句子：
I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food.
★ 反义词
剑桥5 test2 task2范文中的句子：
The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.
★ 有相互补充关系的词
剑桥4 test4 task2范文中的句子：
When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.
剑桥5 test4 task2范文中的句子：
Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before.
三、 把重点摆在句首或句尾。
一般而论，最显眼的位置是在“句尾，其次是在句首，中间的位置最平淡，乏善可陈。例如：
(1) Incorrect grammar and improper construction invariably distract readers'attention.
(2) The history of vocabulary is, in many ways, the record of civilisation.
把重点放在句尾是种“吊胃口”的方法，读者或听者非得读完或听完整句不可。
四、在复杂句里，把主句放在从句之后。
除了名词从句和形容词从句之外，因为它们位置较固定，副词从句中有几种的位置灵活，可以在主句之
前出现，
也可以跟在主句之后。通常我们就把这样的副词从句提前，重点则放在后头的主句，如(3b)：
(3a) I came upon an old classmate when I went to town yesterday.
(3b) When I went to town yesterday, I came upon an old classmate.
副词短语更是如此，如 (4b):
(4a) Steel is commonly used to make knives, razors and other useful tools because of its
durability.
(4b) Beacuse of its durability, steel is commonly used to make knives,razers and other useful
tools.
五、 把较重要或有分量的词语放在后头，如(5b)和(6b)：
(5a) I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
(5b) I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
(6a) That singer's life was tragic and brief.
(6b) That singer's life was brief and tragic.
六、把句子中一系列的项目作逻辑性的排列。例如：
(7) Tony ate his dinner, watched TV, and then went to bed.
(8) Were you bored with years of study in elementary school, high school and institute of
higher education?
七、必要时，重复重要的语词或概念。
例如：
(9) Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty, he likes their delicacy, he likes
their vivacity,
and he likes their silence.
(10) ...the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf; nameless lakes
reflected the
nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
八、尽量用主动说态，因此(11b)比(11a)好：
(11a) A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
(11b) A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
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九、适当时候，可用倒装句和平行句，如：
(12) Seven dwarfs lived here in the centre of the dark forest. → Here, in the centre of the dark
forest
lived seven dwarfs.
(13) Severity breeds fear; roughness breeds hatred.
(14) Honesty recommends that I speak; self-interest demands that I remain silent.
